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iCab doesn't support the key events at all.
Many thanks to Hallvord Steen for his summaryof the key events in Windows browsers; his page saved me quite a bit of work.
Detecting the user's keystrokes turns out to be a rather specialised branch of event handling.This page details some of the more obnoxious problems, and gives the inevitable compatibility table.
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The first problem is that there is no standard for key events; the specification says:
An event module designed for use with keyboard input devices will be included in a later version of the DOM specification.
As we all know, browser vendors start experimenting when there's no official standard, and these experiments, thoughoccasionally useful, also cause incompatibilities. The key events are no exception: there are currently two properties thatgive information about the pressed keys, and although there's some justification for this duplication, not all browserssupport them in the same way.
In addition, there are a few important differences between the keydown and keyup events on one hand, and the keypressevent on the other.
Finally, there are important differences between Windows and Mac. In general, detecting keys on Mac is much, much moredifficult than on Windows.
The two properties are keyCode
and charCode
.Put (too) simply, keyCode
says somethingabout the actual keyboard key the user pressed, while charCode
gives the ASCII value of the resulting character. Thesebits of information need not be the same; for instance, a lower case 'a' and an upper case 'A' have the same keyCode
,because the user presses the same key, but a different charCode
because the resulting character is different.
Explorer and Opera do not support charCode
. However, they give the character information in keyCode
,but only onkeypress. Onkeydown and -up keyCode
contains key information.
Let's start with a simple example. The lower case 'a' has ASCII value 97, while the upper case 'A' has ASCII value65. In both cases the user presses the same key on the keyboard, which has key code 65 (equal to upper case ASCII, as you see).
Method or property | IE 5.5 | IE 6 | IE 7 | IE8b1 | FF 2 | FF 3b5 | Saf 3.0 Win | Saf 3.1 Win | Opera 9.26 | Opera 9.5b | Konqueror 3.5.7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theory: Key code | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
The only case that all browsers agree on. | |||||||||||
keypress Theory: ASCII | Yes | Incorrect | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
|
Method or property | IE 5.5 | IE 6 | IE 7 | IE8b1 | FF 2 | FF 3b5 | Saf 3.0 Win | Saf 3.1 Win | Opera 9.26 | Opera 9.5b | Konqueror 3.5.7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theory: 0 | No | Yes | Incorrect | Yes | No | Yes | |||||
| |||||||||||
keypress Theory: ASCII | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Therefore, onkeydown/up keyCode
always holds the key code. onkeypress you can find the actual characterthe user typed by evt.charCode || evt.keyCode
.
I decided not to test the punctuation keys. I suspect that these keys are dependant not only on browser andoperating system, but also on keyboard configuration and the official system language. I work on a Dutch Windows,but with a US 101 keyboard configuration, and I wouldn't be surprised if that matters a lot in punctuation keysexperiments.
For instance, shift + ,
causes a <
character to appear in my applications, but theASCII value returned by my test script belongs to the ?
. When I discovered that I decided not to riskmy sanity by performing further punctuation character experiments.
The special keys encompass all those keys that don't cause a character to appear, but execute a certain function.For instance, shift, escape, pageDown, and enter are all special keys.
Some general caveats:
keyCode
values in the 63200 range for delete, end, function keys, home and pageUp.Down. The onkeydown and -up values are normal.altKey
, ctrlKey
, and shiftKey
properties.If you need to detect these keys, do yourself a favour and search for their keyCode
onkeydown/up, and ignoreboth onkeypress and charCode
.
Property | Explorer 5-7 | Firefox 2.0 Windows | Firefox 2.0 Mac | Safari 1.3 | Opera 9 Windows | Opera 9 Mac |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The keypress event does not fire | Yes | Yes | No | No | Incomplete | Yes |
Opera on Mac also fires the keypress event, but does not repeat. Opera on Windows fires a keyup event only the second time you press the key (when the focus is removed from the browser toolbar). | ||||||
arrow keys: 37-40 37: left38: up 39: right 40: down The keypress event does not fire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Almost | Yes | Yes |
The keypress event fires in Safari and Opera. However, onkeypress Safari gives very weird keyCodes: 63232-5, and the order doesn't coincide with the normal key order. | ||||||
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
The single key that's supported exactly the same by all browsers. | ||||||
caps lock: 20 The keypress event does not fire | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
Undetectable on Mac, even in Opera. | ||||||
Mac only | Untestable | Untestable | No | No | Untestable | 17 |
Only Opera detects this key, but gives it a | ||||||
Property | Explorer 5-7 | Firefox 2.0 Windows | Firefox 2.0 Mac | Safari 1.3 | Opera 9 Windows | Opera 9 Mac |
ctrl: 17 The keypress event does not fire | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Incorrect |
Opera Mac gives | ||||||
Almost | Yes | Yes | Almost | Yes | Yes | |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. Safari gives | ||||||
end: 35 | Almost | Yes | Yes | Almost | Yes | Yes |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. Safari gives | ||||||
Almost | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. | ||||||
escape: 27 | Almost | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. | ||||||
Property | Explorer 5-7 | Firefox 2.0 Windows | Firefox 2.0 Mac | Safari 1.3 | Opera 9 Windows | Opera 9 Mac |
Almost | Yes | Yes | Almost | Yes | Incorrect | |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. Safari gives Opera Mac only gives the correct | ||||||
help Mac only | Untestable | Untestable | 6 | 45 | Untestable | 5 or 63 |
Safari fires only the keyup event. Opera gives 5 onkeydown and -up; 63 onkeypress. | ||||||
Almost | Yes | Yes | Almost | Yes | Yes | |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. Safari gives | ||||||
insert: 45 | Almost | Yes | Untestable | Untestable | Yes | Untestable |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. | ||||||
Property | Explorer 5-7 | Firefox 2.0 Windows | Firefox 2.0 Mac | Safari 1.3 | Opera 9 Windows | Opera 9 Mac |
The keypress event does not fire | Yes | Yes | 12 | 12 | Yes | 27 |
Chaos on Mac. Mozilla and Safari give 12, Opera 27. Safari gives 63289 onkeypress. | ||||||
page up / down: 33-34 | Almost | Yes | Yes | Almost | Yes | Yes |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. Safari gives | ||||||
Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
Not in Mozilla Mac and Safari. | ||||||
tab: 9 | Almost | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Explorer doesn't fire the keypress event. | ||||||
Windows only The keypress event does not fire | Yes | Yes | Untestable | Untestable | Yes | Untestable |
Mozilla also fires the keypress event. | ||||||
Property | Explorer 5-7 | Firefox 2.0 Windows | Firefox 2.0 Mac | Safari 1.3 | Opera 9 Windows | Opera 9 Mac |
Here are shortcuts you can use, in addition to those that appear in Safari menus. To turn off or change keyboard shortcuts, see Create keyboard shortcuts for apps.
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Scroll up, down, left, or right | Press the arrow keys. |
Scroll in larger increments | Press Option while you press an arrow key. |
Scroll down a screen | Page Down Space bar |
Scroll up a screen | Page Up Shift–Space bar |
Scroll to the top-left or bottom-left corner of the page | Command–Up Arrow Command–Down Arrow |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Search the current webpage | Command-F |
Highlight the next field or pop-up menu on a webpage | Tab Tab also highlights buttons and other controls if “Use keyboard navigation to move focus between controls” is selected in the Shortcuts pane of the Keyboard pane of System Preferences. |
Highlight the next field, pop-up menu, or clickable item (such as a link) on a webpage | Option-Tab Option-Tab also highlights buttons and other controls if “Use keyboard navigation to move focus between controls” is selected in the Shortcuts pane of the Keyboard pane of System Preferences. To swap the behavior of Tab and Option-Tab, turn on “Press Tab to highlight each item on a webpage” in the Advanced pane of Safari preferences. |
While typing in the Smart Search field, restore the current webpage address | Esc |
Select the Smart Search field | Command-L |
Print the current webpage | Command-P |
Copy the selected item | Command-C |
Paste the most recently copied item | Command-V |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Show tab overview | Shift-Command- |
Open a page in a new tab | Command-click a link Command-click a bookmark Command-Return after typing in the Smart Search field. |
Open a page in a new tab, and make that tab the active tab | Shift-Command-click a link Shift-Command-click a bookmark Shift-Command-Return after typing in the Smart Search field. |
Go to the next tab | Control-Tab or Shift-Command-] |
Go to the previous tab | Control-Shift-Tab or Shift-Command -[ |
Select one of your first nine tabs | Command-1 to Command-9 |
Close the active tab | Command-W |
Close all tabs except for one | Option-click the Close button on the tab you want to leave open |
Reopen the last tab you closed | Shift-Command-T |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Go to your homepage | Shift-Command-H |
Change Safari preferences | Command-, |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Go back to the previous webpage | Command-[ |
Go forward to the next webpage | Command-] |
See a list of your recently visited pages by name | Hold down the Back or Forward button until the list appears |
See a list of your recently visited pages by web address (URL) | Press Option and hold down the Back or Forward button until the list appears |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Exit full-screen view | Esc |
Zoom website content | Press Command-Plus Sign (+) or Command-Minus Sign (-) |
Zoom website text | Press Option while you choose View > Make Text Bigger or View > Make Text Smaller |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Download a linked file | Option-click a link to the file |
Open a downloaded file | Double-click the file in the downloads list |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Switch to another Safari window | Command-` (above the Tab key) |
Reopen the last window you closed | Shift-Command-T |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Show or Hide the Reading List sidebar | Control-Command-2 |
Add the current page | Shift-Command-D |
Add a linked page | Shift-click a link to the page |
Remove a page | Control-click the page summary in the sidebar, then choose Remove Item. You can also swipe left over the page summary, then click Remove. Or, swipe all the way to the left until the page summary disappears. |
Open Reader | Shift-Command-R |
Close Reader | Esc |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Add a bookmark to the Favorites bar | Click the Smart Search field to show the page’s full address and its icon, then drag the icon to the Favorites bar |
Open all bookmarks from a folder in the Favorites bar | Command-click the folder in the Favorites bar |
Move a bookmark on the Favorites bar | Drag the bookmark left or right |
Remove a bookmark from the Favorites bar | Drag the bookmark off the top of the bar |
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Show or Hide the Bookmarks sidebar | Control-Command-1 |
Select bookmarks and folders in the sidebar | Command-click each bookmark and folder Shift-click to extend the selection |
Select the next bookmark or folder | Up Arrow or Down Arrow |
Open the selected bookmark | Space bar |
Open the selected folder | Space bar or Right Arrow |
Close the selected folder | Space bar or Left Arrow |
Change the name or address of a bookmark | Select the bookmark, then press Return You can also force click the bookmark |
Cancel editing a bookmark name in the sidebar | Esc |
Finish editing a bookmark name | Return |
Create a folder containing the selected bookmarks and folders in bookmarks view | Option-click the New Folder button near the top-right corner |
Delete a bookmark | Control-click the bookmark, then choose Delete |